Winter in Nova Scotia brings freezing temperatures, heavy snow, ice, and strong coastal winds. While many pets enjoy playing in the snow, cold weather can pose serious and sometimes life-threatening risks.

Understanding these hazards can help keep your companion safe throughout the colder months.

Common Cold Weather Hazards for Pets

Hypothermia

Hypothermia occurs when a pet’s body temperature drops below normal. In Atlantic Canada, wind chill, damp conditions, and prolonged exposure to cold significantly increase this risk.

Pets at higher risk include:

• Small or short-haired dogs

• Senior animals

• Puppies and kittens

• Pets with chronic illness

Signs of hypothermia may include:

• Shivering or lethargy

• Weakness or difficulty walking

• Pale gums

• Slowed breathing or heart rate

Hypothermia is a medical emergency and requires immediate veterinary care.

Frostbite

Frostbite commonly affects ears, tails, paws, and noses. Sub-zero temperatures and icy winds common in Nova Scotia winters can damage exposed skin quickly.

Watch for:

• Pale, grey, or bluish skin

• Swelling or blistering

• Pain when touched

Frostbite damage may not be fully visible right away, so prompt assessment is essential.

Ice Melt & Antifreeze Toxicity

Many de-icing products used on sidewalks and driveways can irritate paw pads or cause poisoning if licked off. Antifreeze is especially dangerous—even small amounts can be fatal.

Prevention tips:

• Use pet-safe ice melt when possible

• Wipe paws and legs after outdoor walks

• Store antifreeze securely and clean spills immediately

If ingestion is suspected, seek emergency veterinary care right away.

Slips, Falls & Orthopedic Injuries

Icy surfaces increase the risk of slips and falls, which can lead to sprains, fractures, or spinal injuries—especially in senior pets or large breeds.

Consider:

• Keeping walks shorter during icy conditions

• Using traction booties for dogs

• Clearing ice from frequently used walkways

Increased Risk for Outdoor & Lost Pets

Cold temperatures can be deadly for pets left outdoors or those that escape. Snowbanks, poor visibility, and freezing weather make survival difficult.

Winter safety reminders:

• Bring pets indoors during extreme cold

• Ensure collars and microchip information are up to date

• Check sheds, garages, and under vehicles before starting engines

Winter Safety Tips for Pet Owners in Nova Scotia

• Limit outdoor time during extreme cold or storms

• Dry pets thoroughly after snow or rain exposure

• Provide warm bedding away from drafts

• Maintain regular nutrition—cold weather increases calorie needs

• Monitor behaviour closely for subtle signs of illness or discomfort

When Is It an Emergency?

Seek immediate veterinary attention if your pet:

• Is weak, unresponsive, or collapsed

• Has pale gums or laboured breathing

• Is suspected of ingesting antifreeze or ice melt

• Has been exposed to extreme cold for an extended period

Keeping Pets Safe All Winter Long

Winter in Atlantic Canada can be unpredictable and harsh. Being aware of seasonal hazards—and acting quickly when something seems off—can make all the difference. If you’re ever unsure whether a situation is urgent, it’s always better to err on the side of caution.

Maritime Veterinary Emergency & Specialty Centre is open 24/7 to support pets and their families when it matters most.